Human Nature Animal Nature - 2452 Words

The Oxford Dictionary defines human nature as, â€Å"The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans† (Human Nature). Throughout various great literary works, human nature is portrayed in many positive and negative ways. As humans, we have evolved to rely on one another; no man is an island, and one’s actions affect society around him/her in one way or another. Human nature is seen today as either altruistic or egotistical, depending on the individual’s perspective. However, there is no way of determining whether the natural tendency of humans is to do good or to do bad. Even with all of the progress made throughout the evolution of humankind, our understanding of human nature as a whole has remained unchanged in its definition. Each individual has his or her own morals and beliefs, which together make up his or her own human nature. Each human has his or her own, unique natural tendencies and morals. Though this makes us all different from one another, it also makes us more alike because of this uniqueness. Through their unique traits and ideals, the characters from Gilgamesh, The Aeneid, Hamlet, and Freedom Writers all exemplify the best and the worst in human nature, and manage to meet somewhere in the middle of this modern understanding of human nature. The question concerning the goodness or badness of humans has perplexed people for centuries, and frankly, cannot be answered. The idea that humans mayShow MoreRelatedHumans, Animals, And Nature2341 Words   |  10 PagesPY 4647: Humans, Animals, and Nature (Ben Sachs) Thom Almeida (110003776) Word count: 2,216 Introduction Modern technological advances in animal farming coupled with a greater desire for food production have led to increased suffering of animals to suit our own interests. Bernard Rollin has argued that unless this trend is discontinued, which he deems unlikely to happen, genetic engineering of animals is a morally preferable option compared to not intervening at all in order to ameliorate the frustrationRead MoreAnimal Farm : Human Nature in Animals823 Words   |  4 PagesHuman nature in animals. Was this really shown in George Orwell’s ‘Animal Farm’? In fact, there were several messages about human nature reflected in ’Animal Farm’. The messages that were expressed through many different characters and their behaviours, gave an insight into human nature, and showed many characteristics of it. The idea of equality â€Å"all animals are equal† and socialism would make an ideal society. It would be effective on Animal Farm if it were not for the pigs’ hunger for powerRead MoreAnimal Farm And Human Nature1051 Words   |  5 PagesCorrupted by Human Nature The paradigms and principles you have created shape your view of the world. The knowledge you have accumulated throughout your life contributes to your attitude towards life. Do you believe human kind is inherently selfish? In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell speculates the evil of human nature. Allow me to unfold for you the influence of human nature before the revolution on Manor Farm and the short term and long-term results of the revolution. Animals were treatedRead MoreHumans Are Social Animals By Nature1680 Words   |  7 PagesHumans are social animals by nature. There is an ever-present urge to assimilate into society for personal gain or comfort regardless of a person’s place of birth. Through personal observations, in both the Western and Eastern cultures, the region an individual is raised in does not definitively matter when it concerns physical insecurities or how someone goes about remodeling themselves. Some go about change through adapting their dietary habits and fitness regimes to achieve their ideal body, butRead MoreThe Human Nature Of Animal Border1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe human-animal border is something people have been fascinated with for years. Humans are taught at a younger at that there is supposed to be a separation between humans and animals, but as the years have gone on this border has started to dissipate. Humans now relate to animals more than ever before. Kids idolize them becau se of the movies and television shows, and adults turn to animals in times of great need. Animals have become more like humans which poses the question: does this border evenRead MoreContemporary Civilizations : An Essential Part Of An Individual s Highest Level Of Achievement1461 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning the kinds of communities ... that human beings construct for themselves† (Contemporary Civilizations Home Page). While analyzing the types of communities different texts discuss, we have come across the conversation relating an individual’s inner nature and his (or her) external circumstances. Up to the point of Teresa de Cartagena’s texts, writers argue that an individual’s highest level of achievement is primarily influenced by their internal nature and only secondarily reinforced by externalRead MoreAristotle Vs Human Nature Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe term nature signifies a set of characteristic that distinguishes humans, as a species , from all other beings (Wiles). A set of characteristics distinctive of a species is known as the Greek term, Phusis. According to both Plato and Aristotle, human nature is unchanging. On the contrary, Sarte has a different belief on the topic of essence that do not accord with classical philosophical tradition. Human souls are characterized by their capacity to reason. This capacity exists, perhaps in varyingRead More Gullivers Travels Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporaries didnamp;#8217;t realize it, is to ridicule his government, his rulers, and human nature as a whole. His generalization of the human condition doesnamp;#8217;t manifest itself completely until Part IV of the book, where the main character, Lemuel Gulliver, finds himself on an island inhabited by two main species amp;#8211; the Houyhnhnms, horse-like animals, and the Yahoos, human-like animals. The difference between this island and reality as we know it is the fact that the HouyhnhnmsRead MoreHuman Beings Possess A Distinct Consciousness895 Words   |  4 PagesFeuerbach first says that since human beings have religion and animals don’t, there must be something that human beings possess that essentially differentiates them from animals. Human beings possess a distinctive consciousness which he calls  "species consciousness† that animals don’t possess. In other words, a man that possesses a â€Å"species-consciousness† he is capable to take its own essential nature as an object of thought. In addition, the human individual has the capacity of thought which meansRead MoreAristotle s View Of Politics Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the concept and reasoning behind his writings of The politics as a whole. This essay intends to discuss Aristotle s view of politics through the way in which he layers the fundamental concept of hierarchy of humans and natural societies to show that man by nature works for the common good. I will also discuss the conflicting views between the works of both Aristotle and Hobbes in order to grasp a greater understanding of the foundations which has shaped the politics of today. Aristotle

Charismatic Leadership Behaviours - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2199 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Human Behavior in Organizations Topic: The relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and organizational Introduction The survey of this research paper are investigated that the relationship between the charismatic leadership and organizational commitment in Indian Organization. A survey of 147 employees who work in eastern and northern India. The results of this study showed that charismatic leadership can be influence values and the emotional needs between manager and employees, especially influences on commitment, it is a clear vision for managers to achieve the common goals and values of the organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Charismatic Leadership Behaviours" essay for you Create order Within an organization, leadership influence will be dependent upon the type of power that the leader can exercise over other people. The exercise of leadership power can influence the behavior or action of others in order to obtain both follower satisfaction and productivity. The Study of Indian Company There are 147 employees who working at difference levels in a large organization in Eastern and northern region in India. Data were collected in written form and some data such as ago, monthly income, length of service, educational background, nature of job etc. We found that the average of age was 34.51 years and 6.1% were female out of 147 total employee. The average monthly incomes were 21951 rupees, it is approx. 353.495 USD and the average lengths of service were 13.78 years. Most of the employees had spent at least two working years in this organization. The education levels were as 28% in high school, 42.9% was graduated, and 4.1% were technical or degree level. There are 75% were married and only 25% were unmarried. Referring to the above data, concluded that the overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment are relatively above average, the result showed that they are satisfied and committed towards their job duties due to their leader who presented in charismatic and transformation leadership skills and behaviors. Some factors such as nature of job, length of service, it also affected the organizational commitment of employees. On the other hand, such as age, educational background and nature of job, it do not predict the organization commitment based on these data. This study may help us to understand and re-look at the past history of the organizational commitment. The study has some limitations due to incomplete information that cannot be apply for all organization. However, this of the analyzed data, the findings can prove useful for guiding future research. Charismatic leadership Referent power is the ability of the leader to exercise influence on the subordinate because of his perceived attractiveness, personal characteristics, reputation or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Charismaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , so we also call this concept as Charisma Leadership. For example, a particular leader may not have the power to punish but may still exercise power over the subordinates because the manager commands their respect or esteem. Famous examples of charismatic leaders who produce both negative and positive results, they are Adolph Hitler, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mother Teresa and Bill Clinton. Adolph Hitler is a good example of the destructive power of charismatic leadership. Adolph Hitler was able to use speeches to connect to followers and persuade them to commit genocide. Mahatma Gandhi used his charisma to inspire the followers to protest nonviolently. Mahatma Gandhi can fast showed self-sacrifice and commitment to his followers. Mahatma Gandhià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s charismatic leadership can help him to gain more followers and enough attention to aid in peacefully ending British rule of India. Charismatic leaders are good at observing others and discerning their emotional needs. The leader which show his interacts with other people, and he can pays enough attention to people during the conversation. For example, the charismatic leaders may change their presentation skills or attitude to suit the needs of any people that interact with. The leader can use both body language and speeches tactics to convert the people to their point of view. According to Weber (1974), he was emphasis on charisma as a personality characteristic, the charismatic leader who have a strong desire to influence others, such as self-confident and strong sense of moral values. He also recognized the important role played by the followers in charisma leadership (Bryman 1992 and House 1976). One of the follower à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" House, he described that charismatic leadership is focusing on the emotional and mo tivational of followers, and he also identified that the mission, rust and confidence, self-esteem should be articulated by the leader. Conger Kanungo (1998), they developed a model of charismatic leadership into three stages. The theory are focus on the leadership process. First stage, the leader will assess the environment as to growth opportunities for the respective organization, and evaluates their membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs carefully. In the second stage, the respective leader will formulate a strategic vision, it is presented in a inspiring way, such as strategic vision and articulation. In the third stage, the leader will provide a role model to their followers by demonstrating personal risk and unconventional behavior. The leader also can build up the followersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ trust and commitment. Conger emphasized the vision should be include an essential ingredient of charisma, even much stronger than the previous two theories that the leader have this ability to articulate a vision among man other qualities. Conger and Kanungo also classified into six scales. They are Sensitivity to the leadership, Sensitivity to memberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs, Strategic vision and articulation, Personal risk, Unconventional behavior and the Status quo. The example of these six scales: Sensitivity to the leadership The charismatic leader can assess the environment for growth opportunities and also radical change in order to achieve the organizational goals for his followers. Sensitivity to memberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs The charismatic leader evaluates his followers in carefully. Strategic vision and articulation The charismatic leader can formulates a strategic vision for the respective organization in an inspiring way for his followers. Personal Risk The leader can present or demonstrate in self-confidence and ensure all the vision in the potential outcome. Unconventional behavior The leader can build the trust and commitment between the leader and the followers, and also provide a role model to followers for reference. Not maintain status Quo The leader can examine the status quo in order to achieve the goal. Conger found that the charismatic leader behavior directly affect to the follower feeling, just a sense of perceptions of group collective identity and perceptions of group task performance. Charismatic leader provided very skilled communicators, the leader are able to communicate to followers on a deep and emotional level, and also have a strong basis for followers commitment to such goals. Both job involvement and charismatic leadership are likely to be related to organizational commitment. Organizational commitment Organizational commitment is very important to organizational success. It plays a large role in determining whether a member will stay with the company and enthusiastically work towards organizational goals. The theory of organizational commitment have three component model (TCM). They are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment (Meyer and Allen 1991). Affective commitment (Affection for your job) The tendency of the employee want to stay with a company that is based on an emotional attachment. For example, if you enjoy the relationship between the members and the organization, you will want to stay in this company. Continuance commitment (Fear of loss) This kind of commitment that you believe that leaving the organization would be costly. For example, if you stay at the company because of the loss you would experience by leaving it is greater than the benefit you think you might gain in a new role. On the other hand, you might feel loss if you leave a well famous company, such as a top law firm or accounting firm. Normative commitment (Sense of obligation to stay) This kind of commitment that even you are unhappy in your role, but you still want to stay with your company because of you feel a sense of obligation to your company, that is the right thing to do. For example, you will stay with your company even you are unhappy, because of your family will give you stressful that you should stay loyal to your company. You will want to stay the company because of your have invested money or time in your college tuition, you should want to receive the reward from the company, so you better stay. By applying the three component model developed by Meyer and Allen, it help to develop the team to think positive. According to Meyer and Allenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model, their model provide a comprehensive overview of organizational commitment, and it is the greatest practical study for the researchers. People are likely to feel increased commitment between the team and the organization, the members will feel more motivate and positive and want to ge t the job satisfaction. We can see that people are less likely to leave their company because of the age and tenancy of employees increase (Hunt 1985). Mathieu and Zajac (1990) also pointed out that some of the employees with higher leaves of education, which show less commitment to their company, and the employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ commitment is a concern to the organization because of it is related to reduced turnover. Tsui and Cheng (1999) found that the job position, length of service and marital status can influence employee commitment. Charismatic leadership and organizational commitment Referring to Conger and Kanungo, charismatic leadership, these theories was focus on exceptional leaders who have unexpected effects on their followers. Two fields of research have gained conservable interest. For Conger and Kanungoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Charismatic leadership, they described that why the followers identify with their respective leader, and transformational leaders emphasis that motivation can creating and representing an inspiring vision for the future. The positive effects of transformational and charismatic leadership on the outcomes under the significance, these positive effects examine the behavior of leaders, who are able to draw out the confidence and support of the followers, and it lead to achieve the productivity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It also impact the followers to increases their performance, efficiency, ability and easy to meet the expectation. Rowden (2000) was found that charismatic leader behavior who have a clear vision, and sensitivity to understand what member needs, it is positively related to affective organizational commitment. We can see that charismatic leader can improve the employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ commitment. Transformational leadership behavior also can encourage employees in both positive way to develop stronger employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ commitment as well. In general, managerial level, the leadership style which affect the employee attitudes to their organizations, and also managers are powerful to influence the subordinate to loyalty. In other study, the researcher found that the connection is important as connection is between the leadership and commitment and expected high correlations between transformational leadership and affective commitment (Bycio 1995). A good leader can inspire the followers by persuade them in their vision. Leadership is not about enforcing the leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dream, it is about developing a shared sense of destiny (Kouzes and Posner 2002). The result of above leaders who suggest that leaders need to exercise the charismatic leadership and transformation leadership, more practice based on their experience and trends for organizational commitment. A relationship is between the leadership style and subordinates organizational commitment, so if the manager managing the employee, the commitment is important and first priori ty because of it will reduced turnover and absenteeism and also increase the knowledge and behavior. Confusion The aim of this study is to further the understanding of the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational commitment in Indian organization and even other large organization. As charismatic leadership should influence values and the emotional needs of subordinates, it is important to influences on commitment were expected in this study. The study can help us to explain how much charismatic leadership which can contribute to organization and commitment between employee and organization as well. This study can explore more effects of charismatic leadership on organizational commitment and described the leadership behaviors by Conger and Kanungo and Meyer and Allen. References Babcock-Roberson Oriel J. Strickland, 2010, The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizen Behaviors, The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied Volume 144, Issue 3 Bycio P, Hackett RD, Allen JS, 1995, Further assessments of Bassà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership J. Appl. Psychol., 80: P468-478 Conger JA, 1999, Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: An insider perspective on these developing streams of research, Leadership Quarterly, P145-179 Conger JA, Kanungo RA, 1994, Charismatic leadership in organizations: perceived behavioral attributes and their measurement. J. Org. Behav., 15: 439-452 Conger JA, Kanungo RN, Menon ST, 2000, Charismatic leadership and follower effects. J. Org. Behav., 21: 747-767 House RJ, 1977, A theory of charismatic leadership, In J. G. Hunt and L.L.Larson leadership: The cutting edge Carbondale:Southern Illinois University Press, P189-207 Kouzes JM, Posner BZ, 2002, The leadership challenge, third edition, San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Mathieu J, Zajac D, 1990, A review of meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates and consequences of organizational commitment, Psychol Bull, 108: P171-194 Meyer JP, Allen NJ, 1991, A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment, Human. Res. Manage. Rev. P61-89. Robert W. Rowden, 2000, The relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and organizational commitment, leadership organization development journal, Vol. 21 page 30-35 issue 1 Tsui Kwong Tung, Cheng Yi Cheong, 1999, School organizational heath and teacher commitment: A contingency study with multi-level analysis, Edu. Res. Evaluation, P249-268 Weber M, 1947, The theory of social and economic organization, New York: The Free Press, original work published 1924

Biography of Clarence Darrow, Legendary Attorney

Clarence Darrow became the most famous defense lawyer in early 20th century America by taking on cases considered hopeless and emerging as a leading voice for civil liberties. Among his celebrated cases was the defense of John Scopes, the Tennessee teacher prosecuted in 1925 for teaching about the theory of evolution, and the defense of Leopold and Loeb, two wealthy students who killed a neighbor boy for the thrill of it. Darrows legal career was utterly ordinary until he became involved in advocating for labor activists in the 1890s. Before long he would become nationally known as a crusader for justice, often speaking out against capital punishment. His obituary in the New York Time in 1938 noted that he had defended the accused in â€Å"a hundred or more murder trials, no client of his had ever died on the gallows or in the electric chair.† That was not entirely accurate, but it underscores Darrows legendary reputation. Fast Facts: Clarence Darrow Known For: Famous defense attorney who often won cases thought to be hopeless.Notable Cases: Leopold and Loeb, 1924; the Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925.Born: April 18, 1857, near Kinsman, OhioDied: March 13, 1938, age 80, Chicago, IllinoisSpouses: Jessie Ohl (m. 1880-1897) and Ruby Hammerstrom (m. 1903)Children: Paul Edward DarrowEducation: Allegheny College and University of Michigan Law SchoolInteresting Fact: Darrow claimed to believe in personal liberty, the abolition of capital punishment, and the improvement of labor conditions. Early Life Clarence Darrow was born April 18, 1857, in Farmdale, Ohio. After attending public schools in Ohio, young Darrow worked as a farm hand and decided the labor of the farm was not for him. He studied for a year Allegheny College in Pennsylvania before attending the University of Michigan law school for a year. His education was not impressive by modern standards, but it qualified him to read law for a year with a local lawyer in Ohio, which was a common method of becoming an attorney at the time. Darrow became a member of the Ohio bar in 1878, and for the next decade he embarked on a fairly typical career for a lawyer in small town America. In 1887, hoping to take on more interesting work, Darrow moved to Chicago. In the big city he worked as a civil lawyer, pursuing ordinary legal tasks. He took on work as a counsel for the city, and in the early 1890s he worked as a corporate counsel for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. In 1894 Darrow’s life took a significant turn when he began defending legendary labor activist Eugene V. Debs, who was fighting an injunction against him for leading a strike against the Pullman company. Darrow was ultimately not successful in his defense of Debs. But his exposure to Debs and the labor movement gave him new direction in life. Crusader for Justice Beginning in the mid-1890s, Darrow began taking on cases that appealed to his sense of justice. He was generally successful, for what he lacked in education and prestige he made up with his ability to speak plainly but dramatically in front of juries and judges. His courtroom suits were always rumpled, apparently by design. He portrayed himself as a common man seeking justice, though often armed with cunning legal strategies. Darrow became known for sharp cross-examinations of witnesses, and as he championed those he considered oppressed, he would often introduce novel concepts from the emerging field of criminology. In 1894 Darrow defended Eugene Prendergast, a drifter who killed the mayor of Chicago, Carter Harrison, and then walked into a police station and confessed. Darrow raised an insanity defense, but Prendergast was convicted and sentenced to death. He was the first and last of Darrows clients to be executed. The Haywood Case One of Darrows most notable cases came in 1907, when the former governor of Idaho, a supporter of the mining industry, was killed in a bombing. Detectives from the Pinkerton agency apprehended officials of the Western Federation of Miners (part of the Industrial Workers of the World) including the unions president, William Big Bill Haywood. Charged with conspiracy to commit murder, Haywood and others were to go on trial in Boise, Idaho. Darrow was retained for the defense and deftly destroyed the prosecutions case. Under Darrows cross-examination, the actual perpetrator of the bombing admitted he had acted alone as a matter of personal vengeance. He had been pressured to implicate the labor leaders by the prosecutors in the case. Darrow gave a summation which amounted to a profound defense of the labor movement. Haywood and the others were acquitted, and Darrows performance cemented his position as a defender of the common man against money interests. Leopold and Loeb Darrow was on the front pages of newspapers across American in 1924 when he defended Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb. The two were college students from wealthy families who confessed to a shocking crime, the murder of a 14-year-old neighbor boy, Robert Franks. Leopold and Loeb became figures of public fascination as they told detectives they had committed the kidnapping and murder of a random boy for the adventure of perpetrating the perfect crime. Seated left to right, Nathan Leopold, Jr., attorney Clarence Darrow and Richard Loeb. The boys were found guilty of the murder and kidnapping and Bobby Franks.    The families of Leopold and Loeb approached Darrow, who at first resisted taking the case. He was certain they would be convicted, and he had no doubt they had committed the murder. But he took on the case as he was opposed to capital punishment, and his goal would be to save them from what seemed to be certain execution by hanging. Darrow requested that the case be heard by a judge without a jury. The judge in the case agreed. Darrow’s strategy was not to argue about their guilt, which was certain. And as they had been judged sane, he couldn’t argue an insanity defense. He tried something novel, which was to argue that the two young men were mentally diseased. Darrow called expert witnesses to advance psychiatric theories. The witness, known at the time as alienists, claimed the young men had mental problems related to their upbringings which were mitigating factors in the crime. The appeal for mercy posed by Darrow eventually succeeded. After deliberating for ten days, the judge sentenced Leopold and Loeb to sentences of life plus 99 years. (Loeb was killed in prison by another inmate in 1934. Leopold was eventually paroled in 1958 and died in Puerto Rico in 1971.) The judge in the case told the press that he was moved to show mercy by the age of the defendants and not by the psychiatric evidence. However, the case was considered by the public to be a triumph for Darrow. The Scopes Trial Darrow was a religious agnostic and was particularly opposed to religious fundamentalism. So the defense of John Scopes, the schoolteacher from Dayton, Tennessee, prosecuted for teaching about Darwin’s Theory of Evolution naturally appealed to him. American lawyers Clarence Darrow (1857-1938) and William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) at the Scopes Trial. Heritage Images / Getty Images The case arose when the 24-year-old Scopes, teaching in a local public high school, included mentions of Darwin’s ideas in the curriculum. By doing so he violated a Tennessee law, the Butler Act, and he was charged. William Jennings Bryan, one of most prominent Americans in politics for decades, entered the case as the prosecuting attorney. On one level, the case was simply about whether Scopes had violated the local law. But when Darrow came into the case, the proceedings became nationally known, and the case was dubbed The Monkey Trial in the sensationalist press. A split in American society in the 1920s, between religious conservatives and progressives advocating science, became the focus of the courtroom drama. Newspaper reporters, including the legendary journalist and social critic H.L. Mencken, flooded into the town of Dayton, Tennessee, for the trial. News dispatches went out via telegraph, and even reporters in the new medium of radio relayed the proceedings to listeners around the country. The highlight of the trial occurred when Bryan, claiming to be an authority on Biblical teachings, took the witness stand. He was cross-examined by Darrow. Reports of the encounter stressed how Darrow had humbled Bryan by getting him to admit to a literal interpretation of the Bible. A headline in the Washington Evening Star proclaimed: Eve Made of Rib, Jonah Swallowed by Fish, Bryan Declares In Sensational Cross-Examination of Bible Beliefs By Darrow. The legal result of the trial was actually a loss for Darrow’s client. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. However, to many observers, including H.L. Mencken, Darrow was considered to have won a victory in the sense of having shown to the nation at large the ludicrous nature of fundamentalism. Later Career Besides his busy legal practice, Darrow published a number of books, including Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, published in 1922, dealing with Darrows belief that crime was caused by factors impacting a persons life. He also wrote an autobiography published in 1932. In 1934, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed the elderly Darrow to a post in the federal government, assigned to correct legal problems with the National Recovery Act (a part of the New Deal). Darrows work was considered successful. One of his last jobs was to serve on a commission studying the threat arising in Europe, and he issued a warning about the danger of Hitler. Darrow died in Chicago on March 13, 1938. His funeral was attended by many members of the public, and he was eulogized as a tireless crusader for justice. Sources: Clarence Seward Darrow. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 396-397. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Scopes Monkey Trial. Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 9, Gale, 2010, pp. 38-40. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Darrow, Clarence. Crime and Punishment in America Reference Library, edited by Richard C. Hanes, et al., vol. 4: Primary Sources, UXL, 2005, pp. 118-130. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Gluten-Free Cause and Effect - 1062 Words

In 2006, my mom and I were both diagnosed with Celiac Disease. This has been a huge struggle of ours and continues to be an ongoing battle. We have thoroughly researched the cause and effects of celiac disease. It all begins with gluten being the culprit. Eating gluten for people with celiac disease can be time consuming, expensive, and can cause numerous health issues. Originally, the human species lived depending only on animal protein, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and nuts. It wasn’t until approximately 9500 BC that the transition in agriculture began and humans started to eat carbohydrates and grains (grains being the producer of gluten). Gluten is a food protein that is found in wheat, barley, rye, and in some instances, oat. Celiac†¦show more content†¦Some people can gain weight, whereas, some might lose weight. When cutting out gluten it is essential to monitor your vitamins, minerals, and fiber levels; these are nutrients that are beneficial to your health. Gl uten can cause skin conditions such as; eczema, acne, and Keratosis Pilaris, which are the bumps on the back of some peoples arms. Celiac disease can also be linked to Type 1 Diabetes. Both diseases are autoimmune disorders. In order to assess the genetic similarities and differences between the two inflammatory disorders, the researchers obtained 9339 control samples, 8064 samples from people with type 1 diabetes, and 2560 samples from individuals with celiac disease. They found a total of seven regions of a chromosome were shared between the two (University). â€Å"These researchers results suggest that type 1 diabetes and celiac disease only share genetic causes but could have similar environmental triggers as well,† states Professor John Todd, from the University of Cambridge. With this all being said, if you are having any of these symptoms, eating and living a gluten-free lifestyle should rid you of all side effects and prevent your body from developing any further health risks related to celiac disease. Eating a gluten-free diet is time consuming and expensive, but it is important. Celiac disease can cause numerous health issues in the future if the gluten-free diet is not followed. The glu ten-free diet needs to be taken seriously andShow MoreRelatedHealth Benefits Of A Free Diet1142 Words   |  5 PagesMany people say they are â€Å"going Gluten- Free†. This means that the person is transitioning to a diet where they do not eat gluten. By doing this, they are excluding wheat, barley, rye and possibly oats from their diet. Gluten is a protein that is not crucial to being an overall healthy person. (4) The Gluten- Free Diet was created for those who have medical reasons to not eat gluten. Medical reasons could be celiac disease, wheat allergies, gluten sensitivity, dermatitis herpetiformis, ataxia andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Celiac Disease1701 Words   |  7 Pagesexploitative situation an organism can cause a disadvantageous situation for itself, such is the case in hypochondriasis which is when a person believes that they have an illness and starts to develop symptoms because of this belief. Celiac disease is an intestinal disorder caused by an au toimmune response to an individual’s own tissue, this is triggered by the ingestion of anything which contains gluten or gluten-related products. On the other hand, Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) mimics some ofRead MoreCeliac Disease And Gluten Free Products1407 Words   |  6 Pagessaying it, but it’s true. Scientific studies have concluded that sensitivity to gluten for people who do not have Celiac disease may be completely psychological.Especially relevant in a country where 17 million people may unnecessarily believe that they are gluten sensitive. (Source: A Mayo Clinic survey in 2012, cited in a NY Times article.)Especially shocking in a planet that spent $10.5 billion last year in gluten free products. (Source: Mintel, a market research company, cited in the NY Times articleRead MoreCeliac And The Fight For Nutrition1586 Words   |  7 PagesClayton Q. McCardell Blake Cason Health-1020 November 5, 2015 Celiac and the Fight for Nutrition Celiac is an autoimmune disease that can occur in victims with the genetic history of celiac (1). Gluten (found in wheat, rye, and barley) is what the body claims to be an intruder and because of this intruder an immune response is triggered causing the inflammation of the small intestines (2). This leads to serious damage to the walls of the small intestine decreasing the productivity in absorbingRead MoreGluten Free Essay707 Words   |  3 Pages Gluten-free diets are a growing trend in the U.S., arguably a response to the growing number of cases of celiac disease, which currently affects less than 1 percent of Americans. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid found in nature, and it is common for trace amounts to be present in the food and water. It has been proven to be a carcinogenic to humans based on evidence from human studies demonstrating that acute exposure has the potential to cause cancer of the lung, bladder, and skin, asRead MoreThe Effects Of Autistic Children972 Words   |  4 Pagesautistic child one must understand the dietary difficulties the child must face, and three of the diets. These diets are known as the Gluten-free, Casein-free, Soy-free Diet (GFCFSF); the Gluten-free, Casein-free Diet (GFCF); and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD). Dietary Difficulty Many Autistic children have a difficult time with diets, and the health issues they may cause. Many Autistic children are considered fastidious eaters. And these restrictions they make on their food intake can make it difficultRead MoreEnvironmental and Genetic Factors that Causes Celiac Disease1217 Words   |  5 Pages Celiac Disease (CD) is a digestive disease triggered and continued by the ingestion of gluten in the diet. Individuals with celiac disease have an irreversible intolerance to gluten. Celiac disease is also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. CD is considered an autoimmune disease. It is activated by eating gluten-containing foods. People who are genetically susceptible can experience varying degrees of lesions in the small bowel mucosa. The lesions can rangeRead MoreCoeliac Disease978 Words   |  4 Pagesnot mean giving up all your favourite foods. It just means adapting them to be gluten free. Many different gluten-free products, baking mixes, and recipes are available. A support group is a great resource for finding out which recipes and products are best (NHS 2010). Allowed Food Potatoes, rice, corn, fruit, dairy products and soya- based foods are fine. Many healthy and delicious foods are naturally gluten-free: Beans, seeds, nuts in their natural form. Fresh eggs Fresh meats, fish andRead MoreThe Human Body Is A Complex System, Embedded With Defense1683 Words   |  7 Pagesover the world. In fact, this protein is gluten, and as the name suggests, it acts as a ‘glue’ to hold the shape of the product it will be incorporated into, like bread and pasta. Gluten is present in many items that are used daily; this includes various foods, medication and supplements, cosmetics, and hygiene products. Although gluten is present ubiquitously, it can cause hypersensitive reactions in individuals with celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). 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Literary Analysis, Thousand Slendid Suns Free Essays

Ryan Ferkel Mrs. Reader Exploring Fiction 1/2/13 Literary Analysis of A Thousand Splendid Suns Growing up and living in Afghanistan as a woman has its challenges. Parents choose who can marry you and they choose everything for you. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis, Thousand Slendid Suns or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this book, Laila and Mariam both show the struggles it is to be a girl, and how much disrespect they get in Afghanistan. Both Mariam and Laila are married to the same man, and he is abusive to both of them. They also live under Taliban rule, and the rules that they set are very unfair for women. In Khaled Hosseni’s novel, he has many different themes but the most prevalent one is of woman inequality, and that is shown through multiple accounts of abuse, disrespect, and unfairness. While living in Afghanistan, Laila and Mariam both find themselves with little freedoms. They had to stay in their houses almost all the time, and were pretty much slaves to their husbands. For the rest of Afghanistan, The freedoms for girls and women are limited or not even existent in some situations. During September of 1996, the Taliban came into control of Afghanistan. Early in there rule, they set down rules for both men and woman. As a man you only had simple rules like, â€Å"All men will grow their beards† and, â€Å"All boys will wear turbans† (248 Hosseini). But as a woman, they had rules like, â€Å"Girls are forbidden from attending school,† and â€Å"Women are forbidden from working† (249 Hosseini). Women were also not allowed to go outside without a man or they would be beaten and sent home (248). As rules normally do they cause rebellious people. As the book progresses we find out that Laila had to give up her kid to an orphanage because Rasheed and Laila could not provide for that many of people any more. As a desperate mom, Laila had to sneak to the orphanage because Rasheed would no longer take her. Many times she got caught, when she got caught, Laila was sometimes, â€Å"riddled with questions† but other times she had to deal with, â€Å"wooden clubs, fresh tree branches, short whips, slaps, often fists† (285 Hosseini). As women, Laila’s freedoms were limited and Khaled Hosseini was ertain to show the struggles that women had because of that. Another example of the unfairness to women is that fact, that men are also abusive to them. Being a man, means they have all the power. They make all the decisions and what they want to happen happens. Early in the book, Jalil, Mariam’s father, chooses a random suitor for her to marry. He forces it on her just to get her as far away from his family as pos sible. Her suitor ended up to be an abusive husband. Just in a matter of seconds, Rasheed, their husband would flip and turn abusive. As depicted early in their marriage, Khaled Hosseini wrote, â€Å"He was like this, sneering, tightening the belt around his fist, the creaking of the leather, the glint in his bloodshot eyes. It was the fear of the goat, released in the tiger’s cage, when the tiger first looks up from its paws, begins to growl† (216). Another time when Laila and Mariam try to escape Rasheed’s grasps, they both get caught and get sent back to him. Mariam took most of the punishment for leaving. â€Å"There was a sound now like a wooden club repeatedly slapping a side of beef. His abusiveness led them to leave but only brought them back to it. As women they have no power in the relationship. Eventually Rasheed’s abuse came back to bite him, and it led to his death. Mariam had enough of his abuse. â€Å"Mariam brought down the shovel. This time, she gave it everything she had† (310 Hosseini). Rasheed tried everything in his power to stop Mariam and Laila from rebelli ng and it led to his death. Being a woman in Afghanistan meant you had to deal with discrimination. Khaled Hosseini made it a point to show that in his novel. Early in the novel we find out that Nana and Mariam living in the Kolba. They are there because her dad, Jalil, would not accept them in the family because they were a harami. A harami is a baby that was born out of wedlock. Because of this Jalil could not have them live with him and the rest of his family. â€Å"’You can’t spend the rest of your life here. ’ ‘Don’t you want a family of your own? ’† (44 Hosseini). Jalil wanted to get her out of their family so he could seem like the amazing guy he thought he was. How to cite Literary Analysis, Thousand Slendid Suns, Essay examples

Dixons Hrm Brief free essay sample

Human Resource Management Functional Brief Dixons Group’s decision to reorientate the business around serving the customer has had far reaching implications for Human Resource Management (HRM). The emphasis on first-class customer service is intended to help Dixons differentiate itself from its online competitors. The decision to stress personal, face-to-face interactions is clearly something that online competitors will be unable to replicate and if this can be turned into a source of competitive advantage for the company then it represents a sound strategic move. The strategy does, however, hinge on Dixons being able to deliver this excellent customer service. The very face-to-face nature of service delivery means that it can only be provided through the employees of Dixons group which, in turn, means that human resource management is pivotal. This shift in emphasis is best illustrated by the two delivery drivers in the video of the customer plan who comment that when delivering goods ‘we shouldn’t just be saying â€Å"sign here† and then running off. We will write a custom essay sample on Dixons Hrm Brief or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We should give them [the customer] that experience’. http://www. dixonsretail. com/dixons/templates/modules/video. jsp) Aligning HRM strategy with this shift in business strategy has considerable implications for Dixons employees. With employee turnover at 15% a low level for a retail organisation – the majority of employees affected by the change have spent time working under the previous system. This means that a significant amount of retraining is necessary to ensure that employees both know and are able to implement the new strategy. At the heart of the new strategy is the idea of solving problems for the customer. As Group Chief Executive, Sebastian James points out ‘When customers come in and say they want a television what they actually mean is that they want to do something – they want to watch the game, entertain the kids†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Training Dixons staff to help solve the customers’ problems involves ensuring that they not merely have excellent product knowledge but also the know how to provide ancillary services around the product. Dixons achieves this through a mixture of techniques, for example workshops and e-learning. Techniques to help the employees remember the key features of particular products are also employed. Through a clear, customer orientated approach, Dixons hopes to be able to help solve their customers’ problems, rather than simply sell them a box. This training has cost Dixons a great deal of money, with all staff having been through at least three cycles of retraining. These efforts, however, appear to be bearing fruit with significantly improved customer advocacy measures. The percentage of customers who are ‘very likely to recommend’ Dixons has risen from 43% to 73% since 2010 (Dixons Annual Report and Accounts 2011/12, p. 9). The Dixons case illustrates how the alignment of business strategy with people strategy is important in achieving organisational objectives. The customer metrics appear to be improving and it will be interesting to see how this impacts on the financial performance of the business.

Fame Not all Its Cracked Up to Be Essay Example For Students

Fame Not all Its Cracked Up to Be Essay Ah, fame! We love celebrities and wish that we were like them. So that we can get paid loads of money, have everyone know what our names, know our life stories, have everyone love us and of course the greatest gift of all, entertaining people. When I was a teenager, I dreamt about being a famous filmmaker. I was always writing stories since I was child and I was getting more and more into writing when I got older. And I thought filmmaking was the thing for me and that was what I wanted to do more than anything in the world. But when I told people this, they all made fun of me. Even my so-called friends. No-one took me seriously. So my filmmaking ambition didnt get off the ground. I thought I should give up my creativity for good. Whats the point of telling stories if no-one cares? Then I realized, you dont need fame as filmmaker or author to show people how creative you are. So thats why I turned to posting stories on this site. And I get a lot of views from all over the world and that makes me very happy. Now that Im an adult, Im actually glad I never became a big filmmaker or a celebrity. And heres why: No matter where you are, people just wont leave you alone. If you want your privacy, there is no chance. You want to have a nice quiet meal in a restaurant. Just you and your family, but fans keep interrupting you asking for your autographs. It is nice to make a fan happy, but when you have to do it over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over, itll drive you mad. And if you are the child of a famous star, it is like being thrown in with the lions. You will get bullied at school, just because your parent is famous. Its even worse if the child does not choose fame and is born to famous family anyway. Not everyone you will meet in life is nice to you. We all know that. If you are a celebrity, anyone can know who you are, find out information on you and use them against you. If youre one of those people who worries about what others think of you, fame is not for you. Because thats what being famous is: Have people talk about you. Sure they say nice things such as how talented you are, but others will criticize you and say awful things about you. Also, tabloids will spread rumors about you. Because of stalkers and obsessed fans, being famous can be dangerous. Aside from people pestering you with autographs just because youre a big name, you will have the obsessive fans who fantasize about you all day, every day. Imagine if someone is with you. They will look you up on the net all day, every day. They watch every video of you on Youtube, read every magazine with you in it, even if there is only one photo of you in each magazine and they will even stalk you. As you know, celebrities have to meet thousands of fans and if you meet that many people, you wont remember every fan youve met. But if your obsessive fan has met you once before and has met you again a few years later, if you cant remember meeting your obsessive fan before, that obsessive fan will get angry and will do the unthinkable to get his or her own revenge on you for not remembering them. It is very scary indeed. You will have to hire security. Lots of security. Choosing fame is like selling your soul to The Devil. Lots of celebrities admit that they hate being famous. .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .postImageUrl , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:visited , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:active { border:0!important; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:active , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bulimia EssayYou can do a lot of great, huge things in your life without being famous. You can travel the world, you can get married, become a parent, you can take on a really big job (not in show business), go skydiving, bungee jumping, be a doctor so that you can cure people, be a fireman or firewoman to save peoples lives, be a teacher and educate people, be a plumber and fix pipes, be an electrician, join the postal service and deliver letters and packages to people, or you can write a story and put it on the internet so that you can entertain readers and inspire them.